Home Guides and comparisons Herbadex
Guides and comparisons Short guides and side-by-side comparisons, based on EMA sources, for using herbs safely.
Guides ✓ 0 of 7 guides read
Infusion, decoction or maceration: which method suits which herb, how long to steep it and how long a prepared herbal tea can be kept.
Essential oils are very concentrated: most must not be swallowed, and some can stop a small child breathing. Core safety rules from EMA warnings.
St John's wort can weaken the pill; ginkgo and garlic can increase bleeding. The most important herb–drug interactions according to EMA monographs.
The EMA does not recommend most herbs it assessed during pregnancy, and some are contraindicated. What to know about herbal products in pregnancy.
Thyme, sage, St John's wort, ginseng, cinnamon: several plants share one common name. Why the Latin name matters for buying the right herb.
Species mix-ups, moisture, mould and volatile oil loss in loose herbs: how to check Latin names, spot quality issues and store dried herbs safely at home.
Strong clinical evidence (A), limited clinical trials (B), lab data (C) and traditional use (T): how to read herbal health claims critically and safely.
Linden for colds, a sage gargle for sore throats: the differences, uses and safety warnings of two popular winter herbs side by side.
Chamomile for an upset stomach, lemon balm for stress and sleep: uses, age limits and pregnancy status of two calming herbal teas side by side.
Two related roots: ginger for motion-sickness nausea, turmeric for fullness and wind. Their differences and warnings side by side, based on EMA assessments.
Both are anethole-containing seeds used for wind and cough. Age limits, duration of use and breastfeeding warnings of fennel and aniseed side by side.
The two most searched herbs for sleep and stress: valerian has stronger clinical data, passion flower rests on traditional use. Their differences side by side.
Two plants sharing one Turkish name: St John's wort interacts seriously with many medicines, centaury is used for indigestion. Their differences side by side.
Two teas from the same plant (Camellia sinensis): oxidation differences, caffeine warnings, iron absorption effects and safe limits side by side.
Two bulk-forming fibre sources for constipation: water requirements, age limits and medicine spacing for linseed and psyllium husk side by side.
Dried thyme herb can be steeped as a tea, whereas pure thyme essential oil is highly concentrated. Routes, age limits and safety warnings side by side.
Whole black seed spice versus cold-pressed black seed oil: typical amounts, blood sugar and blood pressure interactions, and pregnancy notes side by side.
Peppermint leaf tea for mild indigestion versus peppermint essential oil in gastro-resistant capsules or diluted topical use: differences side by side.
Two different plants used traditionally for fatigue (Panax ginseng and Eleutherococcus senticosus): duration limits and blood pressure warnings side by side.
Compare Two Herbs Side by Side Select any two herbs to compare their evidence levels, preparation routes, pregnancy status and drug interactions side by side.
Select first herbAlder Buckthorn Bark (Frangula alnus) Allspice (Pimenta dioica) Anise (Pimpinella anisum) Argan Oil (Argania spinosa) Arnica (Arnica montana) Artichoke Leaf (Cynara cardunculus (syn. C. scolymus)) Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Bay Leaf (Laurus nobilis) Birch Leaf (Betula pendula, Betula pubescens) Bitter Melon in Olive Oil (Momordica charantia) Black Mulberry Syrup (Morus nigra) Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) Black Seed (Nigella sativa) Black Seed Oil (Nigella sativa) Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) Blue Anemone Flower (Anemone spp.) Broadleaf Plantain (Plantago major) Buckthorn Seed (Rhamnus cathartica) Cajun Seasoning (Capsicum annuum, Piper nigrum, Allium sativum) Calendula (Calendula officinalis) Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) Castor Oil (Ricinus communis) Centaury (Centaurium erythraea) Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) Chasteberry Seed (Vitex agnus-castus) Chebulic Myrobalan (Terminalia chebula) Cherry Stem (Prunus avium) Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Clove Oil (Syzygium aromaticum) Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera) Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) Corn Silk (Zea mays) Costus Root (Saussurea costus) Couch Grass (Elymus repens) Cubeb Pepper (Piper cubeba) Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) Curry Powder (Curcuma longa, Coriandrum sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Trigonella foenum-graecum) Dandelion Leaf (Taraxacum officinale) Devil's Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens, H. zeyheri) Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) Elderflower (Sambucus nigra) Eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus) Eucalyptus Oil (Eucalyptus globulus) Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Ferula Root Water (Ferula spp.) Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) Frankincense (Olibanum) (Boswellia sacra / Boswellia serrata) Fumitory (Fumaria officinalis) Garlic (Allium sativum) Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Ginkgo Leaf (Ginkgo biloba) Green Clay (Montmorillonite / Illite (mineral)) Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) Heather Leaf (Calluna vulgaris / Erica spp.) Hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Hops (Humulus lupulus) Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) Isot Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Isparta Rose Water (Rosa damascena) Ivy Leaf (Hedera helix) Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Lady's Mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris) Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Lavender Oil (Lavandula angustifolia) Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Linden (Tilia cordata, Tilia platyphyllos) Mahlab (Prunus mahaleb) Marshmallow Root (Althaea officinalis) Mastic Gum (Pistacia lentiscus) Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Mint (Mentha × piperita) Mustard Seed (Brassica spp. / Sinapis alba) Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Okra Seed (Abelmoschus esculentus) Passion Flower (Passiflora incarnata) Pelargonium Root (Pelargonium sidoides, Pelargonium reniforme) Peppermint Oil (Mentha × piperita) Pine Cone Syrup (Pinus spp.) Poppy Seed (Papaver somniferum) Psyllium Husk (Plantago ovata) Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita pepo) Red Pepper Flakes (Capsicum annuum) Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea) Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) Rose Hip (Rosa canina) Rose Oil (Rosa damascena) Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus (syn. Rosmarinus officinalis)) Saffron (Crocus sativus) Sage (Salvia officinalis) Sandy Everlasting (Helichrysum arenarium) Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens) Senna (Senna alexandrina) Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Small-Flowered Willowherb (Epilobium parviflorum) Spanish Lavender (Lavandula stoechas) Spirulina Powder (Arthrospira platensis) St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) St. John's Wort Oil (Hypericum perforatum) Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica, Urtica urens) Sumac (Rhus coriaria) Sweet Almond Oil (Prunus dulcis) Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) Terebinth Berry (Pistacia terebinthus) Terebinth Soap (Pistacia terebinthus) Thyme (Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis) Thyme Oil (Thymus vulgaris) Tonka Bean (Dipteryx odorata) Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris) Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Valerian Root (Valeriana officinalis) Vanilla Bean (Vanilla planifolia) Vine Leaf (Vitis vinifera) Willow Bark (Salix spp.) Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) Yedi Turlu Spice Blend (Piper nigrum, Pimenta dioica, Cinnamomum verum, Syzygium aromaticum, Myristica fragrans, Zingiber officinale, Elettaria cardamomum) Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Za'atar (Thymbra spicata, Rhus coriaria, Sesamum indicum) Select second herbAlder Buckthorn Bark (Frangula alnus) Allspice (Pimenta dioica) Anise (Pimpinella anisum) Argan Oil (Argania spinosa) Arnica (Arnica montana) Artichoke Leaf (Cynara cardunculus (syn. C. scolymus)) Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Bay Leaf (Laurus nobilis) Birch Leaf (Betula pendula, Betula pubescens) Bitter Melon in Olive Oil (Momordica charantia) Black Mulberry Syrup (Morus nigra) Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) Black Seed (Nigella sativa) Black Seed Oil (Nigella sativa) Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) Blue Anemone Flower (Anemone spp.) Broadleaf Plantain (Plantago major) Buckthorn Seed (Rhamnus cathartica) Cajun Seasoning (Capsicum annuum, Piper nigrum, Allium sativum) Calendula (Calendula officinalis) Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) Castor Oil (Ricinus communis) Centaury (Centaurium erythraea) Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) Chasteberry Seed (Vitex agnus-castus) Chebulic Myrobalan (Terminalia chebula) Cherry Stem (Prunus avium) Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Clove Oil (Syzygium aromaticum) Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera) Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) Corn Silk (Zea mays) Costus Root (Saussurea costus) Couch Grass (Elymus repens) Cubeb Pepper (Piper cubeba) Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) Curry Powder (Curcuma longa, Coriandrum sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Trigonella foenum-graecum) Dandelion Leaf (Taraxacum officinale) Devil's Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens, H. zeyheri) Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) Elderflower (Sambucus nigra) Eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus) Eucalyptus Oil (Eucalyptus globulus) Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Ferula Root Water (Ferula spp.) Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) Frankincense (Olibanum) (Boswellia sacra / Boswellia serrata) Fumitory (Fumaria officinalis) Garlic (Allium sativum) Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Ginkgo Leaf (Ginkgo biloba) Green Clay (Montmorillonite / Illite (mineral)) Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) Heather Leaf (Calluna vulgaris / Erica spp.) Hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Hops (Humulus lupulus) Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) Isot Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Isparta Rose Water (Rosa damascena) Ivy Leaf (Hedera helix) Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Lady's Mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris) Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Lavender Oil (Lavandula angustifolia) Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Linden (Tilia cordata, Tilia platyphyllos) Mahlab (Prunus mahaleb) Marshmallow Root (Althaea officinalis) Mastic Gum (Pistacia lentiscus) Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Mint (Mentha × piperita) Mustard Seed (Brassica spp. / Sinapis alba) Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Okra Seed (Abelmoschus esculentus) Passion Flower (Passiflora incarnata) Pelargonium Root (Pelargonium sidoides, Pelargonium reniforme) Peppermint Oil (Mentha × piperita) Pine Cone Syrup (Pinus spp.) Poppy Seed (Papaver somniferum) Psyllium Husk (Plantago ovata) Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita pepo) Red Pepper Flakes (Capsicum annuum) Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea) Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) Rose Hip (Rosa canina) Rose Oil (Rosa damascena) Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus (syn. Rosmarinus officinalis)) Saffron (Crocus sativus) Sage (Salvia officinalis) Sandy Everlasting (Helichrysum arenarium) Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens) Senna (Senna alexandrina) Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Small-Flowered Willowherb (Epilobium parviflorum) Spanish Lavender (Lavandula stoechas) Spirulina Powder (Arthrospira platensis) St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) St. John's Wort Oil (Hypericum perforatum) Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica, Urtica urens) Sumac (Rhus coriaria) Sweet Almond Oil (Prunus dulcis) Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) Terebinth Berry (Pistacia terebinthus) Terebinth Soap (Pistacia terebinthus) Thyme (Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis) Thyme Oil (Thymus vulgaris) Tonka Bean (Dipteryx odorata) Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris) Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Valerian Root (Valeriana officinalis) Vanilla Bean (Vanilla planifolia) Vine Leaf (Vitis vinifera) Willow Bark (Salix spp.) Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) Yedi Turlu Spice Blend (Piper nigrum, Pimenta dioica, Cinnamomum verum, Syzygium aromaticum, Myristica fragrans, Zingiber officinale, Elettaria cardamomum) Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Za'atar (Thymbra spicata, Rhus coriaria, Sesamum indicum)
Herb Safety & Evidence Literacy Quiz Test your knowledge of herbal tea preparation, essential oil safety and drug interactions in 5 questions.
1 / 5
What does the 'Traditional use (T)' label mean in EMA HMPC monographs? It proves the herb has zero side effects. It relies on at least 30 years of documented use (including 15 years in the EU) with plausible safety. It indicates large-scale double-blind clinical trials.
This page is for information only and is not medical advice. If you take medication, are pregnant, or have a health condition, talk to your doctor or pharmacist before use.